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| c. 50 BC |
| | | The Maya introduce a calendar which has a cycle of fifty-two years, known as the Calendar Round | |
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| 45 BC |
| | | Julius Caesar's new calendar is introduced, at a time when its predecessor has become out of step with the seasons by three months | |
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| 1 |
| | | Christians decide (though not until AD 525) that this is the year of Christ's birth, making it AD 1 in the Christian chronology | |
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| c. 50 |
| | | The Roman surgeon Cornelius Celsus describes in De Medicina how to cut stones from a patient's bladder | |
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| c. 150 |
| | | Ptolemy writes in Alexandria an encyclopedic account of Greek scientific theory in cosmology, astronomy and geography | |
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| 158 |
| | | A new doctor, Galen, is appointed to look after the gladiators at Pergamum | |
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| c. 800 |
| | | The use of zero, essential in practical mathematics, is now familiar in India and is adopted in Baghdad | |
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| 801 |
| | | Chia Tan produces an ambitious map for the emperor, some 30 by 33 feet in size, showing the entire T'ang empire | |
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| 921 |
| | | The Jewish calendar, deriving originally from the example of Babylon, is given its lasting form | |
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| c. 950 |
| | | Medieval Europe's first institute of higher education is established, with the founding of the medical school at Salerno | |
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